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Make-up
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07.03.08 10:54
Я знаю, что такое make и тем более, что такое up. Но совершенно не улавливаю связи между ним и штукатуркой для женского лица. Кто может объяснить, почему не make-down?
Успокою всех!
NEW 07.03.08 15:16
в ответ Жириновский 07.03.08 10:54
Чтобы объяснить значение слова, нужно знать его этимологию или посмотреть в словаре, в котором объясняется происхождение слова.
В данном случае речь ид╦т о так называемом фразовом глаголе (phrasal verb). Это глаголы, которые употребляются с определ╦нными частицами (предлогами или наречиями) и изменяют при этом сво╦ первоначальное значение.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
Но почему именно up? Посмотрим объяснение значения и найд╦м следующее (объяснение значения 3а подходит, мне кажется, лучше всего):
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/up
Больше о фразовых глаголах можно почитать например здесь:
http://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/grammar/phrasal-verbs
http://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/phrasaldictionary.html
И вообще в гугле
В данном случае речь ид╦т о так называемом фразовом глаголе (phrasal verb). Это глаголы, которые употребляются с определ╦нными частицами (предлогами или наречиями) и изменяют при этом сво╦ первоначальное значение.
В ответ на:
Main Entry:
make∙up
Pronunciation:
\ˈmā-ˌkəp\
Function: noun
Date: 1821
1 a: the way in which the parts or ingredients of something are put together : COMPOSITION b: physical, mental, and moral constitution
2 a: the operation of making up especially pages for printing b: design or layout of printed matter
3 a (1): cosmetics used to color and beautify the face (2): a cosmetic applied to other parts of the body b: materials (as wigs and cosmetics) used in making up or in special costuming (as for a play)
4: REPLACEMENT; specifically : material added (as in a manufacturing process) to replace material that has been used up <makeup water>
5: something that makes up for a previous postponement, omission, failure, or deficiency <a makeup exam>
Main Entry:
make∙up
Pronunciation:
\ˈmā-ˌkəp\
Function: noun
Date: 1821
1 a: the way in which the parts or ingredients of something are put together : COMPOSITION b: physical, mental, and moral constitution
2 a: the operation of making up especially pages for printing b: design or layout of printed matter
3 a (1): cosmetics used to color and beautify the face (2): a cosmetic applied to other parts of the body b: materials (as wigs and cosmetics) used in making up or in special costuming (as for a play)
4: REPLACEMENT; specifically : material added (as in a manufacturing process) to replace material that has been used up <makeup water>
5: something that makes up for a previous postponement, omission, failure, or deficiency <a makeup exam>
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
В ответ на:
Main Entry: make up
Function: verb
Date: 14th century
transitive verb
1 a: to form by fitting together or assembling <make up a train of cars> b: to arrange typeset matter in (as pages) for printing
2 a: to combine to produce (a sum or whole) b: CONSTITUTE, COMPOSE <10 chapters make up this volume>
3 a: to compensate for (as a deficiency or omission) <make up the difference in lost pay> b: to do or take in order to correct an omission <make up a history exam>
4: SETTLE, DECIDE <made up my mind to depart>
5: to wrap or fasten up <make the books up into a parcel>
6 a: to prepare in physical appearance for a role b: to apply cosmetics to
7 a: INVENT, IMPROVISE <make up a story> b: to set in order <rooms are made up daily>
intransitive verb
1: to become reconciled <quarreled but later made up>
2 a: to act ingratiatingly and flatteringly <made up to his aunt for a new bicycle> b: to make advances : COURT
3: COMPENSATE <make up for lost time>
4 a: to put on costumes or makeup (as for a play) b: to apply cosmetics
Main Entry: make up
Function: verb
Date: 14th century
transitive verb
1 a: to form by fitting together or assembling <make up a train of cars> b: to arrange typeset matter in (as pages) for printing
2 a: to combine to produce (a sum or whole) b: CONSTITUTE, COMPOSE <10 chapters make up this volume>
3 a: to compensate for (as a deficiency or omission) <make up the difference in lost pay> b: to do or take in order to correct an omission <make up a history exam>
4: SETTLE, DECIDE <made up my mind to depart>
5: to wrap or fasten up <make the books up into a parcel>
6 a: to prepare in physical appearance for a role b: to apply cosmetics to
7 a: INVENT, IMPROVISE <make up a story> b: to set in order <rooms are made up daily>
intransitive verb
1: to become reconciled <quarreled but later made up>
2 a: to act ingratiatingly and flatteringly <made up to his aunt for a new bicycle> b: to make advances : COURT
3: COMPENSATE <make up for lost time>
4 a: to put on costumes or makeup (as for a play) b: to apply cosmetics
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
Но почему именно up? Посмотрим объяснение значения и найд╦м следующее (объяснение значения 3а подходит, мне кажется, лучше всего):
В ответ на:
Main Entry: 1up
Pronunciation: \ˈəp\
Function: adverb
Etymology: partly from Middle English up upward, from Old English ūp; partly from Middle English uppe on high, from Old English; both akin to Old High German ūf up and probably to Latin sub under, Greek hypo under, hyper over ? more at OVER
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1): in or into a higher position or level; especially : away from the center of the earth (2): from beneath the ground or water to the surface (3): from below the horizon (4): UPSTREAM 1 (5): in or into an upright position <sit up>; especially : out of bed b: upward from the ground or surface <pull up a daisy> c: so as to expose a particular surface
2: with greater intensity <speak up>
3 a: in or into a better or more advanced state b: at an end <your time is up> c: in or into a state of greater intensity or excitement d: to or at a greater speed, rate, or amount <prices went up> e: in a continual sequence : in continuance from a point or to a point <from third grade up> <at prices of $10 and up> <up until now>
4 a (1): into existence, evidence, prominence, or prevalence (2): into operation or practical form b: into consideration or attention <bring up for discussion>
5: into possession or custody
6 a: ENTIRELY, COMPLETELY <button up your coat> b?used as an intensifier <clean up the house>
7: in or into storage : BY <lay up supplies>
8 a: so as to arrive or approach b: in a direction conventionally the opposite of down: (1): to windward (2): NORTHWARD (3): to or at the top (4): to or at the rear of a theatrical stage
9: in or into parts10: to a stop ?usually used with draw, bring, fetch, or pull11: for each side <the score is 15 up>
Main Entry: 1up
Pronunciation: \ˈəp\
Function: adverb
Etymology: partly from Middle English up upward, from Old English ūp; partly from Middle English uppe on high, from Old English; both akin to Old High German ūf up and probably to Latin sub under, Greek hypo under, hyper over ? more at OVER
Date: before 12th century
1 a (1): in or into a higher position or level; especially : away from the center of the earth (2): from beneath the ground or water to the surface (3): from below the horizon (4): UPSTREAM 1 (5): in or into an upright position <sit up>; especially : out of bed b: upward from the ground or surface <pull up a daisy> c: so as to expose a particular surface
2: with greater intensity <speak up>
3 a: in or into a better or more advanced state b: at an end <your time is up> c: in or into a state of greater intensity or excitement d: to or at a greater speed, rate, or amount <prices went up> e: in a continual sequence : in continuance from a point or to a point <from third grade up> <at prices of $10 and up> <up until now>
4 a (1): into existence, evidence, prominence, or prevalence (2): into operation or practical form b: into consideration or attention <bring up for discussion>
5: into possession or custody
6 a: ENTIRELY, COMPLETELY <button up your coat> b?used as an intensifier <clean up the house>
7: in or into storage : BY <lay up supplies>
8 a: so as to arrive or approach b: in a direction conventionally the opposite of down: (1): to windward (2): NORTHWARD (3): to or at the top (4): to or at the rear of a theatrical stage
9: in or into parts10: to a stop ?usually used with draw, bring, fetch, or pull11: for each side <the score is 15 up>
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/up
Больше о фразовых глаголах можно почитать например здесь:
http://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/grammar/phrasal-verbs
http://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/phrasaldictionary.html
И вообще в гугле

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